Trace Elements in West Virginia Coals

Gadolinium (Gd) Summary Statistics

The histogram of gadolinium abundances in all West Virginia coal beds shows a skewed distribution with a mean of 1.46 ppm (± 1.19 ppm) on a whole coal basis. The maximum Gd content was 13.26 ppm in the Sewell coal. Gadolinium did not correlate with ash yield, and correlated mildly with other rare earth elements in monazite including dysprosium (Dy), neodymium (Nd) and erbium (Er) plus yttrium (Y), and ash related elements such as scandium (Sc), chromium (Cr) and zirconium (Zr).

**Spearman Correlation Coefficients (r) with Gadolinium**
Ash Yield	Dy	Nd	Er	V	Y	Sc	Cr	Zr	Eu
+0.5816	+0.7661	+0.7632	+0.7630	+0.7113	+0.6774	+0.6580	+0.6471	+0.6421	+0.6260
n = 335	n = 59	n = 273	n = 157	n = 334	n = 335	n = 335	n = 334	n = 335	n = 334

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Page last revised: March 2, 2002

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