Trace Elements in West Virginia Coals

Hafnium (Hf) Summary Statistics

Hafnium averaged 0.72 ppm (± 0.60 ppm) in West Virginia coals with a histogram skewed toward low values and a a tail toward higher values, and a maximum value of 7.2 ppm in a bench of the Coalburg coal. Hafnium correlated with ash yield, and the ash related elements thorium (Th), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), scandium (Sc), lithium (Li), zirconium (Zr) and tin (Sn), and rare earth elements present in monazite, mainly cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La) and samarium (Sm).

**Spearman Correlation Coefficients (r) with Hafnium**
Ash Yield	Th	Ta	Cr	Ce	La	Sc	Nb	Li	Zr	Sm	Sn
+0.7085	+0.8947	+0.8758	+0.8486	+0.8082	+0.7947	+0.7482	+0.7424	+0.7118	+0.7114	+0.7070	+0.6660
n = 509	n = 508	n = 462	n = 509	n = 509	n = 504	n = 509	n = 498	n = 509	n = 509	n = 505	n = 252

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Page last revised: March 2, 2002

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