Trace Elements in West Virginia Coals

Lutetium (Lu) Summary Statistics

Lutetium in West Virginia coals averaged 0.133 ppm (± 0.073 ppm) with a histogram showing a near normal distribution with a significant tail of samples toward higher values. Highest Lu values occurred in coals of the upper Kanawha Formation and Allegheny Group (No. 2 Gas, Stockton, Coalburg and Winifrede coals). The maximum Lu value was 0.57 ppm in a bench of the Coalburg coal. Lutetium correlated very poorly with ash yield, and correlated somewhat with ash related elements such as scandium (Sc), thorium (Th), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), gallium (Ga), tantalum (Ta), hafnium (Hf) and lithium (Li). Lutetium correlated highly with rare earth elements such as ytterbium (Yb), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb) and erbium (Er) and components of monazite, especially cerium (Ce), yttrium (Y) and lanthanum (La).

**Spearman Correlation Coefficients (r) with Lutetium**
Ash Yield	Yb	Sm	Sc	Eu	Tb	Th	Cr	Pb
+0.5863	+0.9324	+0.8589	+0.8488	+0.8343	+0.7792	+0.7614	+0.7349	+0.7286
n = 503	n = 502	n = 503	n = 503	n = 501	n = 537	n = 486	n = 502	n = 500
Ce	Y	La	V	Ga	Ta	Hf	Li	Er
+0.7278	+0.7111	+0.7105	+0.7068	+0.6757	+0.6438	+0.6288	+0.6277	+0.6080
n = 503	n = 503	n = 503	n = 502	n = 502	n = 456	n = 502	n = 503	n = 178

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Page last revised: March 2, 2002

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